Estonia

Estonia Information Region Europe Population 1340602 GDP (millions USD) 21,278 National Policies Eggs for assisted reproduction commercial prohibited Eggs for research commercial prohibited Inheritable genetic modification PROHIBITED Preimplantation genetic diagnosis social uses prohibited Reproductive cloning PROHIBITED Research cloning PROHIBITED Sex selection ? Surrogacy no policy International Agreements 1997 COE Biomedicine Convention RATIFIED 1998 COE Cloning Convention RATIFIED 2005 UN Cloning Vote no 2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention RATIFIED 2007 Treaty of Lisbon signed

Key laws and policies

• Embryo Protection and Artificial Fertilisation Act, 1997, amended 2003

• Penal Code, 1994, amended 2007

• Patents Act, 1994, amended 2004

Prohibited practices

The Penal Code prohibits cloning, surrogacy, and hybrids and chimeras.

The Patents Act prohibits the patenting of cloning procedures, techniques for inheritable genetic modification, and "descriptions of the formation or development of the human body or sequence or partial sequence of human gene."

In addition, Estonia's ratification of the Council of Europe's Convention on Biomedicine and the Additional Protocol Regarding Human Cloning commits it to prohibitions on:

• PGD for social uses
• Research cloning
• Somatic genetic enhancement
• Inheritable genetic modification

Permitted and regulated practices

• The “Artificial Insemination and Embryo Protection Act” (1997) regulates reproductive technologies and prohibits commercial intermediaries from soliciting or supplying gametes. Donor eggs, sperm, and embryos are allowed.

• In vitro fertilization is allowed only with the intention of implanting the ovum into a woman.

External links

See “Artificial Insemination and Embryo Protection Act,” 1997, https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/530102013057/consolide.