https://www.biopolicywiki.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Natalie+Oveyssi&feedformat=atom 2022-07-05T12:46:26Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.21.2 https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Mexico 2015-10-08T17:07:05Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Mexico<br /> |image_flag=Mexico.gif<br /> |Region=Latin America<br /> |Population=108700891<br /> |GDP=893,365<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=no policy<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=no policy<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* General Health Law (February 7, 1984, amended June 2006)<br /> <br /> * Regulation of the General Health Law on Scientific Health Research (1985)<br /> <br /> * Mexico is a Federal Republic, and local jurisdictions have the power to regulate on family matters. As far as the Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is concerned: <br /> **There is permissive legislation in the States of Colima, Querétaro, and Tabasco. <br /> **There is the possibility of ART by interpretation of law in Michoacán, Morelos, Puebla, Sonora, and Zacatecas. <br /> **Prohibitive legislation on ART can be found in the States of Coahuila and San Luis Potosí. <br /> **There is a lack of legislation in the other states. <br /> <br /> Article 330 of the General Health Law explicitly prohibits two things: <br /> *To transplant gonads or gonadic tissue <br /> *To use, no matter for what end, any kind of embryonic or fetal tissue of induced abortions<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices='''Reproductive and Research Cloning'''<br /> <br /> * Reproductive and research cloning, inheritable genetic modification, and surrogacy are prohibited, at least implicitly.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Commercial Surrogacy'''<br /> <br /> * Commercial surrogacy is prohibited because it is seen that it may hurt the child by allowing payment to someone for being the expectant mother. <br /> * All arrangements related to surrogacy must be without compensation. <br /> * No financial remuneration at all is permitted.<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Egg Donation'''<br /> <br /> Providing eggs for reproduction is permitted under guidelines.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis'''<br /> <br /> There is no law or policy regarding PGD.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Altruistic Surrogacy'''<br /> <br /> Altruistic surrogacy has been approved in limited circumstances.<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=The regulation of PGD has been subject to ample parliamentary debate, and several bills have been introduced. Most of the draft bills call for restricting use of the procedure to serious conditions and for prohibiting PGD sex selection for non-medical purposes.<br /> |External links=* Ministry of Health ([http://portal.salud.gob.mx/ Secretaría de Salud])<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=China 2015-10-08T17:03:26Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=China<br /> |image_flag=China-flag.gif<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=1321851888<br /> |GDP=3250827<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=commercial prohibited<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=regulated<br /> |Sex selection=PROHIBITED<br /> |Surrogacy=PROHIBITED<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=*[https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/kennedy_institute_of_ethics_journal/v014/14.1ethics_committee.pdf Ethical Guidelines on Human Embryonic Stem Cell] (January 2004)<br /> * Administrative Measures for Assisted Human Reproductive Technology, Order of the Ministry of Public Health of the People’s Republic of China, No 14 of 2001<br /> * Ethical Principles of Assisted Human Reproductive Technology and Human Sperm Bank, Order of the Ministry of Public Health of the People’s Republic of China, No 176 of 2003<br /> <br /> Note: In the reforms of 2013, the Ministry of Public Health was dissolved and its functions integrated into the new agency called the National Health and Family Planning Commission.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices='''Reproductive Cloning'''<br /> <br /> *Reproductive cloning is prohibited by the Ethical Guidelines on Human Embryonic Stem Cell and the Regulation on Human Assisted Reproductive Technologies.<ref name="unesco">UNESCO, "[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001342/134277e.pdf National Legislation Concerning Human Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning]."</ref> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Sex Selection'''<br /> <br /> *Sex selection is prohibited,<ref name="cgs">Center for Genetics and Society, "[http://geneticsandsociety.org/downloads/200904_sex_selection_memo.pdf Countries with laws or policies on sex selection.]"</ref> but a wide imbalance in the sex ratio at birth, especially in certain affluent provinces, demonstrates that it occurs.<ref name=bmj>Ted Plafker, "[http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/324/7348/1233/a Sex selection in China sees 117 boys born for every 100 girls]," ''BMJ'' 2002;324:1233 (25 May)</ref> In the past it has been reported that wealthy Chinese were traveling to the US and elsewhere to evade restrictions on the use of PGD.<ref name=washingtonpost> Carla K. Johnson, "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/14/AR2006061401477.html Wealthy go to US to choose baby's sex]," ''Washington Post'', June 14, 2006.</ref><br /> <br /> <br /> '''Surrogacy'''<br /> <br /> *In August 2001, the Ministry of Public Health of the People’s Republic of China issued the "Administrative Measures for Assisted Human Reproductive Technology," which prohibits medical institutions and medical staff from performing any form of surrogacy procedure. Any medical institution that assists a surrogacy arrangement may be subject to a fine of not more than 30,000 yuan (RMB) (Approx US$5000). <br /> * In addition the "Ethical Principles of Assisted Human Reproductive Technology and Human Sperm Bank" (updated 23 June 2003), establishes the protection of children as one of seven fundamental ethical principles of assisted human reproductive technology. This principal is seen to be guaranteed and implemented by, among other things, the prohibition on medical staff performing surrogate surgery.<br /> * In 2013, the Ministry of Health reaffirmed the surrogacy ban, while asking experts to ponder the related legal, ethical, and social issues.<br /> <br /> *Note: The Administrative Measures Sanctions do not pertain to the surrogate mother or commissioning couple, and it has been reported that there is a significant "underground" practice of surrogacy in China. (See http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/03/world/asia/china-experiences-a-booming-black-market-in-child-surrogacy.html?_r=1.)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Sale of Gametes'''<br /> <br /> *The above-mentioned Administrative Measures ban all forms of trade in fertilized eggs and embryos.<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Egg Donation'''<br /> <br /> *Egg donation is practiced in circumstances where an excess number of eggs (greater than 20) have been retrieved from an IVF patient and prior written consent has been given. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Research Cloning'''<br /> <br /> *Research cloning is specifically allowed.<ref name=cd>Jia Hepend, "[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-03/31/content_429816.htm China supports therapeutic cloning]," ''China Daily'', March 31, 2005.</ref><br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=In October 2014, six government departments held a meeting to review a special program on fighting illegal medical practices that had been in operation since September 2013. The meeting included discussion that "the NHFPC and the Ministry of Public Security dealt with illegal assisted reproductive technology cases in Hubei" (http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/chinahealth/2014-11/05/content_18873249.htm).<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=China 2015-10-06T18:45:31Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=China<br /> |image_flag=China-flag.gif<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=1321851888<br /> |GDP=3250827<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=commercial prohibited<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=regulated<br /> |Sex selection=PROHIBITED<br /> |Surrogacy=PROHIBITED<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=*[https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/kennedy_institute_of_ethics_journal/v014/14.1ethics_committee.pdf Ethical Guidelines on Human Embryonic Stem Cell] (January 2004)<br /> * Administrative Measures for Assisted Human Reproductive Technology, Order of the Ministry of Public Health of the People’s Republic of China, No 14 of 2001<br /> * Ethical Principles of Assisted Human Reproductive Technology and Human Sperm Bank, Order of the Ministry of Public Health of the People’s Republic of China, No 176 of 2003<br /> <br /> Note: In the reforms of 2013, the Ministry of Public Health was dissolved and its functions integrated into the new agency called the National Health and Family Planning Commission.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices='''Reproductive Cloning'''<br /> <br /> *Reproductive cloning is prohibited by the Ethical Guidelines on Human Embryonic Stem Cell and the Regulation on Human Assisted Reproductive Technologies.<ref name="unesco">UNESCO, "[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001342/134277e.pdf National Legislation Concerning Human Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning]."</ref> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Sex Selection'''<br /> <br /> *Sex selection is prohibited,<ref name="cgs">Center for Genetics and Society, "[http://geneticsandsociety.org/downloads/200904_sex_selection_memo.pdf Countries with laws or policies on sex selection.]"</ref> but a wide imbalance in the sex ratio at birth, especially in certain affluent provinces, demonstrates that it occurs.<ref name=bmj>Ted Plafker, "[http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/324/7348/1233/a Sex selection in China sees 117 boys born for every 100 girls]," ''BMJ'' 2002;324:1233 (25 May)</ref> In the past it has been reported that wealthy Chinese were traveling to the US and elsewhere to evade restrictions on the use of PGD.<ref name=washingtonpost> Carla K. Johnson, "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/14/AR2006061401477.html Wealthy go to US to choose baby's sex]," ''Washington Post'', June 14, 2006.</ref><br /> <br /> <br /> '''Surrogacy'''<br /> <br /> *In August 2001, the Ministry of Public Health of the People’s Republic of China issued the "Administrative Measures for Assisted Human Reproductive Technology," which prohibits medical institutions and medical staff from performing any form of surrogacy procedure. Any medical institution that assists a surrogacy arrangement may be subject to a fine of not more than 30,000 yuan (RMB) (Approx US$5000). <br /> * In addition the "Ethical Principles of Assisted Human Reproductive Technology and Human Sperm Bank" (updated 23 June 2003), establishes the protection of children as one of seven fundamental ethical principles of assisted human reproductive technology. This principal is seen to be guaranteed and implemented by, among other things, the prohibition on medical staff performing surrogate surgery.<br /> * In 2013, the Ministry of Health reaffirmed the surrogacy ban, while asking experts to ponder the related legal, ethical, and social issues.<br /> <br /> *Note: The Administrative Measures Sanctions do not pertain to the surrogate mother or commissioning couple, and it has been reported that there is a significant "underground" practice of surrogacy in China. (See http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/03/world/asia/china-experiences-a-booming-black-market-in-child-surrogacy.html?_r=1.)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Sale of Gametes'''<br /> <br /> *The above-mentioned Administrative Measures ban all forms of trade in fertilized eggs and embryos.<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Egg Donation'''<br /> <br /> *Egg donation is practiced in circumstances where an excess number of eggs (greater than 20) have been retrieved from an IVF patient and prior written consent has been given. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Research Cloning'''<br /> <br /> *Research cloning is specifically allowed.<ref name=cd>Jia Hepend, "[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-03/31/content_429816.htm China supports therapeutic cloning]," ''China Daily'', March 31, 2005.</ref><br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=In October 2014, six government departments held a meeting to review a special program on fighting illegal medical practices that had been in operation since September 2013. The meeting included discussion that "the NHFPC and the Ministry of Public Security dealt with illegal assisted reproductive technology cases in Hubei" (http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/chinahealth/2014-11/05/content_18873249.htm).<br /> |History=The Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance appears to have prohibited research cloning, stating that "no person shall…for the purposes of embryo research": <br /> * Bring about the creation of an embryo<br /> * Replace the nucleus of a cell of an embryo with a nucleus taken from any other cell<br /> * Clone any embryo<br /> Recent policy changes appear to override this ordinance.<br /> |External links=<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Nepal 2015-08-13T18:19:10Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Nepal<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Nepal.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=28901790<br /> |GDP=9,627<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=no policy<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=abstained<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=*After India changed its laws in 2013 to prevent gay men and couples who had been married less than two years from hiring gestational surrogates, some Indian surrogacy clinics opened branches or relocated their services to Nepal. Surrogates frequently undergo in vitro fertilization in India and give birth in Nepal.<ref name=Kamin>Kamin, Debra. "[http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ Israel Evacuates Surrogate Babies from Israel But Leaves the Mothers Behind].” ''Time'', April 28, 2015.</ref> <ref name=digital>The America Tonight Digital Team. “[http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/articles/2014/5/15/outsourcing-surrogacyittakesaglobalvillage.html Outsourcing Surrogacy: It Takes a Global Village].” ''Aljazeera America'', May 15, 2014.</ref> <br /> <br /> *In December 2014, Nepal’s Cabinet approved draft legislation on surrogacy prepared by the Health Ministry. The Cabinet agreed to allow surrogacy for foreigners in the country, as long as the gestational surrogate is also a foreigner. However, there are no laws for domestic surrogacy.<ref>Dahal, Binita. “[http://nepalitimes.com/article/nation/wombs-tolet-surrogacy-nepal,1991 Wombs for Rent: Commercial surrogate motherhood is moving to Nepal because of restrictions in India].” ''Nepali Times'', January 30, 2015.</ref> <ref>Gautam, Manish. “[http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/12/04/top-story/door-opens-to-foreigners-for-surrogacy/398524.html Door Opens to Foreigners for Surrogacy].” eKantipur.com, December 4, 2014.</ref> <br /> <br /> *Western use of Nepalese surrogacy services entered the news and received some criticism following Nepal’s April 25, 2015 earthquake. After the earthquake, Israel sent planes to evacuate babies contracted by Israeli couples and born to surrogate mothers in Nepal, leaving the surrogates behind often without adequate medical care.<ref name=Debra>Kamin, Debra. "[http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ Israel Evacuates Surrogate Babies from Israel But Leaves the Mothers Behind].” ''Time'', April 28, 2015.</ref> <br /> <br /> *Some Nepalese surrogacy clinics specifically advertise to foreign gay couples. See for example: http://surrogacycenternepal.com/.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Nepal 2015-08-13T18:18:49Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Nepal<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Nepal.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=28901790<br /> |GDP=9,627<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=no policy<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=abstained<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=*After India changed its laws in 2013 to prevent gay men and couples who had been married less than two years from hiring gestational surrogates, some Indian surrogacy clinics opened branches or relocated their services to Nepal. Surrogates frequently undergo in vitro fertilization in India and give birth in Nepal.<ref name=Kamin>Kamin, Debra. "[http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ Israel Evacuates Surrogate Babies from Israel But Leaves the Mothers Behind].” ''Time'', April 28, 2015.</ref> <ref name=digital>The America Tonight Digital Team. “[http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/articles/2014/5/15/outsourcing-surrogacyittakesaglobalvillage.html Outsourcing Surrogacy: It Takes a Global Village].” ''Aljazeera America'', May 15, 2014.</ref> <br /> <br /> *In December 2014, Nepal’s Cabinet approved draft legislation on surrogacy prepared by the Health Ministry. The Cabinet agreed to allow surrogacy for foreigners in the country, as long as the gestational surrogate is also a foreigner. However, there are no laws for domestic surrogacy.<ref>Dahal, Binita. “[http://nepalitimes.com/article/nation/wombs-tolet-surrogacy-nepal,1991 Wombs for Rent: Commercial surrogate motherhood is moving to Nepal because of restrictions in India].” ''Nepali Times'', January 30, 2015.</ref> <ref>Gautam, Manish. “[http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/12/04/top-story/door-opens-to-foreigners-for-surrogacy/398524.html Door Opens to Foreigners for Surrogacy].” eKantipur.com, December 4, 2014.</ref> <br /> <br /> <br /> *Western use of Nepalese surrogacy services entered the news and received some criticism following Nepal’s April 25, 2015 earthquake. After the earthquake, Israel sent planes to evacuate babies contracted by Israeli couples and born to surrogate mothers in Nepal, leaving the surrogates behind often without adequate medical care.<ref name=Debra>Kamin, Debra. "[http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ Israel Evacuates Surrogate Babies from Israel But Leaves the Mothers Behind].” ''Time'', April 28, 2015.</ref> <br /> <br /> *Some Nepalese surrogacy clinics specifically advertise to foreign gay couples. See for example: http://surrogacycenternepal.com/.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Nepal 2015-08-13T18:15:30Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Nepal<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Nepal.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=28901790<br /> |GDP=9,627<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=no policy<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=abstained<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=*After India changed its laws in 2013 to prevent gay men and couples who had been married less than two years from hiring gestational surrogates, some Indian surrogacy clinics opened branches or relocated their services to Nepal. Surrogates frequently undergo in vitro fertilization in India and give birth in Nepal.<ref name=Kamin>Kamin, Debra. "[http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ Israel Evacuates Surrogate Babies from Israel But Leaves the Mothers Behind].” ''Time'', April 28, 2015.</ref> <ref name=digital>The America Tonight Digital Team. “[http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/articles/2014/5/15/outsourcing-surrogacyittakesaglobalvillage.html Outsourcing Surrogacy: It Takes a Global Village].” ''Aljazeera America'', May 15, 2014.</ref> <br /> <br /> <br /> *In December 2014, Nepal’s Cabinet approved draft legislation on surrogacy prepared by the Health Ministry. The Cabinet agreed to allow surrogacy for foreigners in the country, as long as the gestational surrogate is also a foreigner. However, there are no laws for domestic surrogacy. http://nepalitimes.com/article/nation/wombs-tolet-surrogacy-nepal,1991; http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/12/04/top-story/door-opens-to-foreigners-for-surrogacy/398524.html<br /> <br /> <br /> *Western use of Nepalese surrogacy services entered the news and received some criticism following Nepal’s April 25, 2015 earthquake. After the earthquake, Israel sent planes to evacuate babies contracted by Israeli couples and born to surrogate mothers in Nepal, leaving the surrogates behind often without adequate medical care. http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ <br /> <br /> <br /> *Some Nepalese surrogacy clinics specifically advertise to foreign gay couples. See for example: http://surrogacycenternepal.com/.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Nepal 2015-08-13T18:13:54Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Nepal<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Nepal.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=28901790<br /> |GDP=9,627<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=no policy<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=abstained<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=*After India changed its laws in 2013 to prevent gay men and couples who had been married less than two years from hiring gestational surrogates, some Indian surrogacy clinics opened branches or relocated their services to Nepal. Surrogates frequently undergo in vitro fertilization in India and give birth in Nepal.<ref name=Kamin>Kamin, Debra. "[http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ Israel Evacuates Surrogate Babies from Israel But Leaves the Mothers Behind].” ''Time'', April 28, 2015.</ref> <ref name=digital>The America Tonight Digital Team. “[http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/articles/2014/5/15/outsourcing-surrogacyittakesaglobalvillage.html Outsourcing Surrogacy: It Takes a Global Village].” ''Aljazeera America'', May 15, 2014.</ref> <br /> <br /> <br /> *In December 2014, Nepal’s Cabinet approved draft legislation on surrogacy prepared by the Health Ministry. The Cabinet agreed to allow surrogacy for foreigners in the country, as long as the gestational surrogate is also a foreigner. However, there are no laws for domestic surrogacy. http://nepalitimes.com/article/nation/wombs-tolet-surrogacy-nepal,1991; http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/12/04/top-story/door-opens-to-foreigners-for-surrogacy/398524.html<br /> <br /> <br /> *Western use of Nepalese surrogacy services entered the news and received some criticism following Nepal’s April 25, 2015 earthquake. After the earthquake, Israel sent planes to evacuate babies contracted by Israeli couples and born to surrogate mothers in Nepal, leaving the surrogates behind often without adequate medical care. http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ <br /> <br /> <br /> *Some Nepalese surrogacy clinics specifically advertise to foreign gay couples. See for example: http://surrogacycenternepal.com/.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Nepal 2015-08-13T18:13:38Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Nepal<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Nepal.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=28901790<br /> |GDP=9,627<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=no policy<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=abstained<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=*After India changed its laws in 2013 to prevent gay men and couples who had been married less than two years from hiring gestational surrogates, some Indian surrogacy clinics opened branches or relocated their services to Nepal. Surrogates frequently undergo in vitro fertilization in India and give birth in Nepal.<ref name=Kamin>Kamin, Debra. "[http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ Israel Evacuates Surrogate Babies from Israel But Leaves the Mothers Behind].” ''Time'', April 28, 2015.</ref> <ref name=digital team>The America Tonight Digital Team. “[http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/articles/2014/5/15/outsourcing-surrogacyittakesaglobalvillage.html Outsourcing Surrogacy: It Takes a Global Village].” ''Aljazeera America'', May 15, 2014.</ref> <br /> <br /> <br /> *In December 2014, Nepal’s Cabinet approved draft legislation on surrogacy prepared by the Health Ministry. The Cabinet agreed to allow surrogacy for foreigners in the country, as long as the gestational surrogate is also a foreigner. However, there are no laws for domestic surrogacy. http://nepalitimes.com/article/nation/wombs-tolet-surrogacy-nepal,1991; http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/12/04/top-story/door-opens-to-foreigners-for-surrogacy/398524.html<br /> <br /> <br /> *Western use of Nepalese surrogacy services entered the news and received some criticism following Nepal’s April 25, 2015 earthquake. After the earthquake, Israel sent planes to evacuate babies contracted by Israeli couples and born to surrogate mothers in Nepal, leaving the surrogates behind often without adequate medical care. http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ <br /> <br /> <br /> *Some Nepalese surrogacy clinics specifically advertise to foreign gay couples. See for example: http://surrogacycenternepal.com/.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Nepal 2015-08-13T18:12:10Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Nepal<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Nepal.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=28901790<br /> |GDP=9,627<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=no policy<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=abstained<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=*After India changed its laws in 2013 to prevent gay men and couples who had been married less than two years from hiring gestational surrogates, some Indian surrogacy clinics opened branches or relocated their services to Nepal. Surrogates frequently undergo in vitro fertilization in India and give birth in Nepal.<ref name=Kamin>Kamin, Debra. "[http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ Israel Evacuates Surrogate Babies from Israel But Leaves the Mothers Behind].” ''Time'', April 28, 2015.</ref> <ref>The America Tonight Digital Team. “[http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/articles/2014/5/15/outsourcing-surrogacyittakesaglobalvillage.html Outsourcing Surrogacy: It Takes a Global Village].” ''Aljazeera America'', May 15, 2014.</ref> <br /> <br /> <br /> *In December 2014, Nepal’s Cabinet approved draft legislation on surrogacy prepared by the Health Ministry. The Cabinet agreed to allow surrogacy for foreigners in the country, as long as the gestational surrogate is also a foreigner. However, there are no laws for domestic surrogacy. http://nepalitimes.com/article/nation/wombs-tolet-surrogacy-nepal,1991; http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/12/04/top-story/door-opens-to-foreigners-for-surrogacy/398524.html<br /> <br /> <br /> *Western use of Nepalese surrogacy services entered the news and received some criticism following Nepal’s April 25, 2015 earthquake. After the earthquake, Israel sent planes to evacuate babies contracted by Israeli couples and born to surrogate mothers in Nepal, leaving the surrogates behind often without adequate medical care. http://time.com/3838319/israel-nepal-surrogates/ <br /> <br /> <br /> *Some Nepalese surrogacy clinics specifically advertise to foreign gay couples. See for example: http://surrogacycenternepal.com/. <br /> <br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Ireland 2015-08-13T18:05:31Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Ireland<br /> |image_flag=Irish_flag.jpg<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=6000000<br /> |GDP=258,574<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/en/constitution/ Constitution of Ireland]<br /> <br /> Note there are: <br /> <br /> * No specific laws governing assisted reproduction or surrogacy in the Republic of Ireland <br /> <br /> * Non-binding guidelines: [http://www.medicalcouncil.ie/News-and-Publications/Publications/Professional-Conduct-Ethics/Guide-to-Professional-Conduct-and-Behaviour-for-Registered-Medical-Practitioners-pdf.pdf The Guide to Professional Conduct & Ethics for Registered Medical Practitioners, 2009].<br /> <br /> In December 2014, it was said that the Minister for Justice and Equality plans to bring legislative proposals to Government in relation to assignment of parentage in cases of ART, including surrogacy. Regulation regarding assisted reproduction generally is also being considered (and called for by the Supreme Court). However to date nothing has been forthcoming.<br /> |Foundational values=The Constitution (Article 40, Section 3.3) "acknowledges the right to life of the unborn…with due regard to the equal right to life of the mother," but the legal interpretation of this is disputed.<br /> <br /> A common view is that the "unborn" includes all in vitro embryos and that the constitution therefore prohibits all embryonic research and all forms of cloning. However, a 2006 court opinion, which as of April 2008 was on appeal to the Supreme Court, suggested that "unborn" meant "a foetus or child within the womb."<ref name=icb>Irish Council for Bioethics, ''[http://health.gov.ie/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Ethical_Scientific_Legal_Issues1.pdf Ethical, Scientific and Legal Issues Concerning Stem Cell Research]'' (April, 2008).</ref><br /> |Prohibited practices='''Human Cloning'''<br /> <br /> "The Irish government has stated its opposition to cloning, both therapeutic and reproductive, on a number of occasions and therefore it is thought unlikely that the legal position on this issue will change in the near future."<ref>Gunning, Jennifer and Søren Holm. ''Ethics, Law and Society, Volume 2''. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.: 2006</ref> Arguably, cloning is not prohibited by law but certainly it is in practice.<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis'''<br /> <br /> * It is often stated that PGD is prohibited, and it seems not to be practiced, but also not to be specifically illegal. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Access/Use of Assisted Reproduction'''<br /> <br /> The guidelines provide that assisted human reproduction treatments, such as IVF: <br /> *Should only be used after thorough investigation has shown that no other treatment is likely to be effective<br /> *Should only be provided by suitably qualified professionals, in appropriate facilities, and according to international best practice.<br /> <br /> They also state regarding donor programs that if clinicians "offer donor programs to patients, [they] must consider the biological difficulties involved and pay particular attention to the source of the donated material. Such donations should be altruistic and non-commercial." They also require that accurate records be kept for future reference.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Legal Parentage'''<br /> <br /> Male sperm donors may be considered to be fathers. There is case law to this effect (McD v L [2007] IESC 81 or [2009] IESC 81).<br /> <br /> There is no ban on same-sex couples accessing ART services, but only the genetic father or the birth mother may be recognized as the child's parent. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Surrogacy'''<br /> <br /> There are no laws currently regulating surrogacy arrangements.<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Italy 2015-08-11T20:06:00Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Italy<br /> |image_flag=Italy.jpg<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=59448163<br /> |GDP=2104666<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=PROHIBITED<br /> |Eggs for research=PROHIBITED<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=PROHIBITED<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=signed<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=signed<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* Medically Assisted Procreation Law ([http://www.parlamento.it/parlam/leggi/04040l.htm Norme in materia di procreazione medicalmente assistita]), February 19, 2004<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices='''Sale of Gametes, Embryos, or Surrogacy'''<br /> <br /> * Any person who, in any form, creates, organizes, or advertises the sale of gametes or embryos or surrogacy may be punished with imprisonment from three months to two years and a fine ranging from 600,000 to one million Euros (Article 12(6)).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Human Embryo Research'''<br /> <br /> The following is prohibited:<br /> *The production of human embryos for research or experimentation or otherwise for purposes other than that provided for by this Act<br /> *Any form of selection for eugenic purposes of embryos and gametes or interventions that, through selection techniques, manipulation, or otherwise by artificial processes, are aimed at altering the genetic makeup of the embryo or gamete or at predetermining genetic characteristics, with the exception of interventions with diagnostic and therapeutic purposes<br /> *Fertilization of a human gamete with a gamete of a different species and the production of hybrids or chimeras<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis'''<br /> <br /> * A restrictive interpretation of Section 13 has led to denying infertile couples with genetic diseases the right to seek PGD; however, the Constitutional Court has many times expressed the unconstitutionality of the rule. [V. Fineschi, M. Neri, and E. Turillazzi, “The new Italian law on assisted reproduction technology (Law 40-2004),” ''Journal of Medical Ethics'', vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 536–539, 2005.; E. Turillazzi and V. Fineschi, “Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: a step by step guide to recent Italian ethical and legislative troubles,” ''Journal of Medical Ethics'', vol. 34, no. 10, p. e21, 2008.]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Restrictions and Sanctions'''<br /> <br /> * The legislation provides for significant fines and deregistration of professionals if they breach the law (Article 13).<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Assisted Reproduction'''<br /> <br /> * Article 4: Access to assisted reproduction techniques is limited to those cases of infertility or unexplained infertility documented with medical procedure as well as cases of sterility or infertility ascertained and certified by a medical act. <br /> <br /> * Article 5: Access to assisted reproduction is permitted only to couples who are: <br /> **Composed of a man and a woman<br /> **Married or cohabiting <br /> **Of childbearing age <br /> **Both living<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Legal Parentage'''<br /> <br /> * The couple undergoing treatment are considered the legal parents. Paternity cannot be contested (Articles 8 and 9).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Research Involving Human Embryos'''<br /> <br /> Article 13: <br /> Clinical and experimental research on each human embryo is allowed, provided that they pursue therapeutic and diagnostic purposes exclusively connected with the protection of the health and development of the embryo itself, and if there are no alternative methods. (Note other things that are prohibited above.)<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance='''Italian Constitutional Court Decisions'''<br /> <br /> *In May 2009, the Italian Constitutional Court [http://www.cortecostituzionale.it/actionSchedaPronuncia.do?anno=2009&numero=151 (N°151/09)] banned some restrictions set out in the 40/2004 law, declaring the constitutional illegitimacy of subparagraphs 2 and 3 of Section 14 that banned the cryopreservation and suppression of embryos and the fertilization of more than three oocytes at the same time during an IVF treatment, and obliging the implantation of all embryos obtained. <br /> <br /> Italian reproductive specialists are now able to decide how many embryos will be best in order to achieve a pregnancy (removing the upper limit of three), and the duty to implant all embryos together has been removed, while still trying to limit the number of cryopreserved embryos, which cannot be destroyed or donated. For this reason, even though the Italian Constitutional Court removed some restrictions imposed by law 40/2004, problems such as the storage of cryopreserved embryos for an indefinite time remain unsolved.<br /> <br /> *In April 9, 2014, the Constitutional Court legitimized heterologous artificial insemination, declaring unconstitutional the sections of law number 40 of February 19, 2004, which prohibited heterologous fertilization.<ref name=Altalex> Baldini, Gianni. "[http://www.altalex.com/index.php?idnot=67193 Fecondazione eterologa: incostituzionale il divieto della Legge 40]," ''Altalex'' (June 19, 2014).</ref><br /> <br /> *The Court declared the following sections unconstitutional:<br /> **Section 4, paragraph 3: “It is forbidden the use [sic] of techniques of medically assisted procreation of heterologous type.” <br /> **Section 9, paragraphs 1 and 3, which included the prohibition of the disclaimer of paternity and the anonymity of the mother <br /> **Section 12, paragraph 1, which included penalties for anyone who uses for procreation purposes the gametes of subjects outside the applicant couple<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Greece 2015-08-11T20:05:04Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Greece<br /> |image_flag=Greece_Flag.jpg<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=11216708<br /> |GDP=314,615<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=commercial prohibited<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=Social uses prohibited<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no vote<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* [http://www.bioethics.gr/images/pdf/ENGLISH/BIOLAW/MEDICALLY_ASSISTED_REPRODUCTION/law_3089_en.pdf Medically Assisted Human Reproduction], Law 3089 (2002)<br /> <br /> * Application of Medically Assisted Reproduction, Law 3305 (2005)<ref name=hell>M. Mitrossili, "[http://www.mednet.gr/archives/2007-6/612abs.html Medically Assisted Reproduction]," ''Hellenic Medicine'' (Vol. 24 No. 6, November 2007)</ref><br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices='''Cloning'''<br /> <br /> * The Law on Medically Assisted Reproduction prohibits reproductive cloning. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Commercial Surrogacy'''<br /> <br /> * Commercial surrogacy is prohibited.<br /> <br /> Note Article 26. Criminal Sanctions.<br /> 1-8: Whoever participates in a surrogacy procedure where the requirements of Art. 1458 of Greek Civil Law, Art. 8 of Law 3089/2002, and Art. 13 of this law are not met is liable to imprisonment for a term of at least two (2) years and a fine of at least €1.500. <br /> <br /> The same sanction applies to:<br /> * Whoever publicly, with the circulation of documents, images, or representations, introduces, draws attention to, or advertises (even covertly) the procuration of a child through a surrogate mother,<br /> * or who provides professional services as a middleman for any kind of financial consideration<br /> * or who offers, in the same way, his/her services or the services of another for the attainment of this goal.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Sex Selection'''<br /> <br /> * Sex selection is explicitly prohibited under the 2002 law, "unless a severe hereditary sex-linked disease is to be avoided."<br /> <br /> Frozen embryos are tightly regulated and any that are stored must be used in an IVF cycle before a fresh cycle can be done.<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Altruistic Surrogacy'''<br /> <br /> Surrogacy is permitted provided that: <br /> * The surrogate is not genetically related to the child <br /> * The commissioning mother can prove that she is unable to carry the child to term (and she cannot be over 50 years old)<br /> * The surrogate can prove to the court that she is medically and mentally fit<br /> * The surrogate's partner (if any) consents to her acting as a surrogate<br /> * Both the couple (or single woman or couple in partnership with signed notary deed) and surrogate have to reside in Greece (Law 4272 (11.07.2014), paragraph 17) <br /> <br /> Note: The agreement could allow for compensation of expenses (including loss of wages), but the payment for services any kind of financial benefit is generally prohibited. <br /> <br /> Contracts are recognized, and parental rights are awarded to the intended parents.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Egg Donation for Assisted Reproduction and Research'''<br /> <br /> * Providing eggs for assisted reproduction or research is permitted, provided there is no compensation. Reimbursement for expenses is permitted.<br /> |Regulatory activities=The Hellenic National Bioethics Commission issued a [http://www.bioethics.gr/images/pdf/ENGLISH/OPINIONS_REPORTS/pd_pgd_rep_eng2.pdf report] in 2007 recommending further legislation on preimplantation genetic diagnosis.<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Greece 2015-08-11T20:04:20Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Greece<br /> |image_flag=Greece_Flag.jpg<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=11216708<br /> |GDP=314,615<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=commercial prohibited<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=Social uses prohibited<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no vote<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* [http://www.bioethics.gr/images/pdf/ENGLISH/BIOLAW/MEDICALLY_ASSISTED_REPRODUCTION/law_3089_en.pdf Medically Assisted Human Reproduction], Law 3089 (2002)<br /> <br /> * Application of Medically Assisted Reproduction, Law 3305 (2005)<ref name=hell>M. Mitrossili, "[http://www.mednet.gr/archives/2007-6/612abs.html Medically Assisted Reproduction]," ''Hellenic Medicine'' (Vol. 24 No. 6, November 2007)</ref><br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices='''Cloning'''<br /> <br /> * The Law on Medically Assisted Reproduction prohibits reproductive cloning. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Commercial Surrogacy'''<br /> <br /> * Commercial surrogacy is prohibited.<br /> <br /> Note Article 26. Criminal Sanctions.<br /> 1-8: Whoever participates in a surrogacy procedure where the requirements of Art. 1458 of Greek Civil Law, Art. 8 of Law 3089/2002, and Art. 13 of this law are not met is liable to imprisonment for a term of at least two (2) years and a fine of at least €1.500. <br /> <br /> The same sanction applies to:<br /> * Whoever publicly, with the circulation of documents, images, or representations, introduces, draws attention to, or advertises (even covertly) the procuration of a child through a surrogate mother,<br /> * or who provides professional services as a middleman for any kind of financial consideration<br /> * or who offers, in the same way, his/her services or the services of another for the attainment of this goal.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Sex Selection'''<br /> <br /> * Sex selection is explicitly prohibited under the 2002 law, "unless a severe hereditary sex-linked disease is to be avoided."<br /> <br /> Frozen embryos are tightly regulated and any that are stored must be used in an IVF cycle before a fresh cycle can be done.<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Altruistic Surrogacy'''<br /> <br /> Surrogacy is permitted provided that: <br /> * The surrogate is not genetically related to the child <br /> * The commissioning mother can prove that she is unable to carry the child to term (and she cannot be over 50 years old)<br /> * The surrogate can prove to the court that she is medically and mentally fit<br /> * The surrogate's partner (if any) consents to her acting as a surrogate<br /> * Both the couple (or single woman or couple in partnership with signed notary deed) and surrogate have to reside in Greece (Law 4272 (11.07.2014), paragraph 17) <br /> <br /> Note: The agreement could allow for compensation of expenses (including loss of wages), but the payment for services any kind of financial benefit is generally prohibited. <br /> <br /> Contracts are recognized, and parental rights are awarded to the intended parents.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Egg Donation for Assisted Reproduction and Research'''<br /> <br /> * Providing eggs for assisted reproduction or research is permitted, provided there is no compensation. Reimbursement for expenses is permitted.<br /> |Regulatory activities=The Hellenic National Bioethics Commission in 2007 issued a [http://www.bioethics.gr/images/pdf/ENGLISH/OPINIONS_REPORTS/pd_pgd_rep_eng2.pdf report] recommending further legislation on preimplantation genetic diagnosis.<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Spain 2015-08-11T17:39:12Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Spain<br /> |image_flag=Spain_flag_300.png<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=45200737<br /> |GDP=1438959<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=commercial allowed<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=regulated<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=PROHIBITED<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* Law on Assisted Human Reproduction Techniques, No. 14/2006 (May 26, 2006), available at http://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2006-9292<br /> <br /> * Biomedicine Law (2007), available at http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2007/07/04/pdfs/A28826-28848.pdf<br /> <br /> * Law on Human Tissue (1983)<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=The following practices are prohibited:<br /> * Reproductive cloning<br /> * Parthenogenesis (stimulating the development of an egg without fertilization by sperm, by solely feminine descent)<br /> * Sex selection<br /> * Inheritable genetic modification<br /> * Fertilizing an egg for any purpose other than reproduction<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Genetic Modification'''<br /> <br /> Law No. 35/1988 establishes that “any therapeutic intervention, investigation or research activity in pre-embryos in vitro, pre-embryos, embryos and fetuses in utero, will be authorized only if such intervention or activity does not alter its genetic make-up (in so far as it does not contain any anomaly), or if it is not aimed to individual or race selection.”<ref>Wheat, Kathryn and Kirstin Matthews, "[http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~neal/stemcell/World.pdf World Human Cloning Policies.]"</ref><br /> <br /> <br /> '''Surrogacy'''<br /> <br /> * The Law on Assisted Human Reproduction Techniques provides that surrogacy contracts are explicitly unrecognized, and birthrights are granted to the birthmother (Art. 10).<br /> * The Criminal Code may also impose sanctions.<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Assisted Reproduction'''<br /> <br /> * Is permitted and practiced<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Donation of Gametes'''<br /> <br /> According to Art. 6 of the Law on Assisted Human Reproduction Techniques, the donation of gametes:<br /> * Is permitted but must not be commercial<br /> * Is anonymous<br /> * Is limited to 6 children borne of the same donor<br /> * Offspring have a right to general information about the donor, but not identity.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Posthumous Use of Gametes'''<br /> <br /> * Is permitted up to 12 months after death, with consent<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Research Cloning'''<br /> <br /> * Research cloning is permitted, but projects must be approved.<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History='''Research Cloning'''<br /> <br /> Research cloning was approved in cabinet by parliament in June 2006, and the first project approved in January 2008.<ref>"[http://www.typicallyspanish.com/spain-archive/national/Cabinet_approves_therapeutuc_cloning_in_Spain_6368.shtml Cabinet approves therapeutic cloning in Spain]," typicallyspanish.com, (September 17, 2006).</ref><ref>"[http://www.typicallyspanish.com/spain-archive/national/Spain_gives_go_ahead_to_research_using_ther.shtml Spain gives go ahead to research using therapeutic cloning]," typicallyspanish.com, (January 24, 2008).</ref><br /> |External links=<br /> }}<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Indonesia 2015-08-11T17:28:49Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Indonesia<br /> |image_flag=Indonesia_flag_large.jpg<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=234693997<br /> |GDP=432,944<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=PROHIBITED<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=abstained<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=[http://apiycna.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Indonesia_Health-Law-no-36.pdf Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health ("Health Act")]<br /> |Foundational values=Islam is the official religion of Indonesia, where 87.2% of the population (or 209 million individuals) identified as Muslim in 2012 (http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/06/07/worlds-muslim-population-more-widespread-than-you-might-think/). Surrogacy is not practiced.<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=In Indonesia, Article 127 of Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health ("Health Act") only allows IVF for married couples using the woman's ova.<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Indonesia 2015-08-11T17:27:33Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Indonesia<br /> |image_flag=Indonesia_flag_large.jpg<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=234693997<br /> |GDP=432,944<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=PROHIBITED<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=abstained<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health ("Health Act")<br /> |Foundational values=Islam is the official religion of Indonesia, where 87.2% of the population (or 209 million individuals) identified as Muslim in 2012 (http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/06/07/worlds-muslim-population-more-widespread-than-you-might-think/). Surrogacy is not practiced.<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=In Indonesia, Article 127 of Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health ("Health Act") only allows IVF for married couples using the woman's ova.<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Albania 2015-08-11T17:19:57Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Albania<br /> |image_flag=Albania_flag.jpg<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=3600523<br /> |GDP=10,619<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=PROHIBITED<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=Republic of Albania the Assembly Law Nr. 8876 Dated 4 April 2002 On Reproductive Health (Citation: Law on Reproductive Health, 04 April 2002 available at http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/199400/303827_en.html, accessed 21 February 2015.)<br /> <br /> Art. 2 of this law defines “reproductive health” as “people’s ability to reproduce and the freedom to decide the manner and timing of reproduction,” and gives to each individual (not only to marital couples) the opportunity to choose the methods of reproduction.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices='''Surrogacy'''<br /> * IVF surrogacy is prohibited.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Embryo Experimentation'''<br /> * Article 38: The human embryo is prohibited from being used for any other kind of commercial, industrial, or experimental purpose.<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Assisted Reproduction'''<br /> <br /> Albanian legislation provides the possibility for a married couple or an individual to undertake artificial reproduction based on infertility. The law recognizes artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization. <br /> <br /> Article 32 provides that assisted reproduction may be used: <br /> <br /> * When an individual has reached the age to marry<br /> * When the spouses have failed in attempts to have a child for a period of two years up to the moment when the transfer of the embryo and insemination is performed<br /> * In the presence of a licensed specialist doctor<br /> * Only after the written consent has been received for each cycle by the interested individuals<br /> <br /> Article 33:<br /> <br /> The techniques of reproduction are to be used only in the cases when:<br /> * Other methods of treatment of the infertility of the man or the woman are not productive or appropriate and do not guarantee the desired result<br /> * They prevent the transmission to the child of genetic illnesses, or other illnesses that would produce premature death, mental retardation or serious invalidity<br /> * They are considered as an alternative to a natural birth<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Access to Information'''<br /> <br /> * The practice in Albania is to maintain anonymity of donors. Art. 14 of the “Reproductive Health” law imposes an obligation on medical services to preserve the confidentiality and the anonymity of data. <br /> * While donor anonymity is not explicitly guaranteed by law, the interpretation of Art. 14 has been to include preserving the confidentiality and anonymity of the donor’s identity.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Embryo Donation'''<br /> <br /> * Not mentioned in statute (IFFS, Surveillance, 2010)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis'''<br /> <br /> * Not practiced in current clinics (due to unavailability of laboratory facilities)<br /> <br /> Clinics (of which there are three) offer treatments including: <br /> * Donor insemination <br /> * Egg donation <br /> * Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) <br /> * In vitro fertilization (IVF) <br /> * In vitro fertilization (IVF) with egg donation <br /> * Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) <br /> * Intrauterine insemination (IUI) stimulated <br /> * Intrauterine insemination (IUI) unstimulated <br /> * Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) <br /> * PGD (although note above that it is reported that this is not practiced due to lab limitations)<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=IFFS, Surveillance, 2010<br /> (Note: Albania did not answer IFFS Surveillance 2013.)<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Hong_Kong 2015-08-06T21:55:00Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Hong Kong<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Hong_Kong.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=7234800<br /> |GDP=310.074<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=PROHIBITED<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited; unrecognized<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=Assisted reproduction is governed by the [http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/795C7496522C8237482575EF001B5A45?OpenDocument&bt=0 Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance] (Cap. 561, Laws of Hong Kong). <br /> <br /> The regulatory/ licensing body for ART in Hong Kong is the [http://www.chrt.org.hk/eindex.html Council on Human Reproductive Technology].<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Assisted Reproduction'''<br /> <br /> Under section 8 of the Ordinance, the Code of Practice on Reproductive Technology and Embryo Research (the Code) has been produced to provide guidelines for ART service providers and embryo research in Hong Kong. <br /> <br /> Under the guidelines, ART treatment should only be provided to legally married couples. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Access'''<br /> <br /> In assessing the suitability for ART treatment, the welfare of the child is of paramount importance. <br /> <br /> The following factors will be considered in assessing a couple’s suitability for ART treatment: <br /> *Their physical, mental, and social well-being<br /> *Their medical histories and the medical histories of their families<br /> *Their ages and likely future ability to look after or provide for a child's needs<br /> *Their commitment to having and bringing up a child or children<br /> *Their ability to provide a stable and supportive environment for any child born as a result of treatment<br /> *Their ability to meet the needs of any child or children who may be born as a result of treatment, including the implications of any possible multiple births or disability<br /> *Any risk of harm to the child or children who may be born, including the risk of inherited disorders, problems during pregnancy, and of neglect or abuse<br /> <br /> Note: “The Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance, passed in 1997, dictates that fertility treatment in Hong Kong can only be offered to heterosexual married couples. But, that legislation could possibly change as the Equal Opportunities Commission is in the midst of completing a public consultation on the review of discrimination law.” (See http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health/article/1677954/hong-kong-ban-ivf-unwed-discriminatory-say-critics.)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Surrogacy''' <br /> <br /> Commercial surrogacy is prohibited by statute (s 17), and any surrogacy arrangement is unenforceable (s 18).<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Gamete and Embryo Donation'''<br /> <br /> Gamete and embryo donation are not permitted. Only the gametes and embryos of the intended parents (or the surrogate mother) may be used.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Embryo Research'''<br /> <br /> Embryo research requires a license. In order to obtain a license the research must be: <br /> *to promote advances in the treatment of infertility;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the causes or treatment of congenital disease;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the causes or treatment of miscarriages;<br /> *to develop more effective techniques of contraception;<br /> *to develop methods for detecting the presence of gene or chromosome abnormalities in embryos before implantation;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the development of embryos;<br /> *to increase knowledge about serious disease; or<br /> *to enable such knowledge to be applied in the development of treatments to combat serious disease<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Hong_Kong 2015-08-06T21:53:31Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Hong Kong<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Hong_Kong.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=7234800<br /> |GDP=310.074<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=PROHIBITED<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited; unrecognized<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=Assisted reproduction is governed by the [http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/795C7496522C8237482575EF001B5A45?OpenDocument&bt=0 Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance] (Cap. 561, Laws of Hong Kong). <br /> <br /> The regulatory/ licensing body for ART in Hong Kong is the [http://www.chrt.org.hk/eindex.html Council on Human Reproductive Technology].<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Assisted Reproduction'''<br /> <br /> Under section 8 of the Ordinance, the Code of Practice on Reproductive Technology and Embryo Research (the Code) has been produced to provide guidelines for ART service providers and embryo research in Hong Kong. <br /> <br /> Under the guidelines, ART treatment should only be provided to legally married couples. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Access'''<br /> <br /> In assessing the suitability for ART treatment, the welfare of the child is of paramount importance. <br /> <br /> The following factors will be considered in assessing a couple’s suitability for ART treatment: <br /> *Their physical, mental, and social well-being<br /> *Their medical histories and the medical histories of their families<br /> *Their ages and likely future ability to look after or provide for a child's needs<br /> *Their commitment to having and bringing up a child or children<br /> *Their ability to provide a stable and supportive environment for any child born as a result of treatment<br /> *Their ability to meet the needs of any child or children who may be born as a result of treatment, including the implications of any possible multiple births or disability<br /> *Any risk of harm to the child or children who may be born, including the risk of inherited disorders, problems during pregnancy, and of neglect or abuse<br /> <br /> Note: “The Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance, passed in 1997, dictates that fertility treatment in Hong Kong can only be offered to heterosexual married couples. But, that legislation could possibly change as the Equal Opportunities Commission is in the midst of completing a public consultation on the review of discrimination law.” (http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health/article/1677954/hong-kong-ban-ivf-unwed-discriminatory-say-critics)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Surrogacy''' <br /> <br /> Commercial surrogacy is prohibited by statute (s 17), and any surrogacy arrangement is unenforceable (s 18).<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Gamete and Embryo Donation'''<br /> <br /> Gamete and embryo donation are not permitted. Only the gametes and embryos of the intended parents (or the surrogate mother) may be used.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Embryo Research'''<br /> <br /> Embryo research requires a license. In order to obtain a license the research must be: <br /> *to promote advances in the treatment of infertility;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the causes or treatment of congenital disease;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the causes or treatment of miscarriages;<br /> *to develop more effective techniques of contraception;<br /> *to develop methods for detecting the presence of gene or chromosome abnormalities in embryos before implantation;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the development of embryos;<br /> *to increase knowledge about serious disease; or<br /> *to enable such knowledge to be applied in the development of treatments to combat serious disease<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Hong_Kong 2015-08-06T21:52:30Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Hong Kong<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Hong_Kong.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=7234800<br /> |GDP=310.074<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=PROHIBITED<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited; unrecognized<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=Assisted reproduction is governed by Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance (Cap. 561, Laws of Hong Kong: http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/795C7496522C8237482575EF001B5A45?OpenDocument&bt=0).<br /> The regulatory/ licensing body for ART in Hong Kong is the [http://www.chrt.org.hk/eindex.html Council on Human Reproductive Technology].<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Assisted Reproduction'''<br /> <br /> Under section 8 of the Ordinance, the Code of Practice on Reproductive Technology and Embryo Research (the Code) has been produced to provide guidelines for ART service providers and embryo research in Hong Kong. <br /> <br /> Under the guidelines, ART treatment should only be provided to legally married couples. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Access'''<br /> <br /> In assessing the suitability for ART treatment, the welfare of the child is of paramount importance. <br /> <br /> The following factors will be considered in assessing a couple’s suitability for ART treatment: <br /> *Their physical, mental, and social well-being<br /> *Their medical histories and the medical histories of their families<br /> *Their ages and likely future ability to look after or provide for a child's needs<br /> *Their commitment to having and bringing up a child or children<br /> *Their ability to provide a stable and supportive environment for any child born as a result of treatment<br /> *Their ability to meet the needs of any child or children who may be born as a result of treatment, including the implications of any possible multiple births or disability<br /> *Any risk of harm to the child or children who may be born, including the risk of inherited disorders, problems during pregnancy, and of neglect or abuse<br /> <br /> Note: “The Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance, passed in 1997, dictates that fertility treatment in Hong Kong can only be offered to heterosexual married couples. But, that legislation could possibly change as the Equal Opportunities Commission is in the midst of completing a public consultation on the review of discrimination law.” (http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health/article/1677954/hong-kong-ban-ivf-unwed-discriminatory-say-critics)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Surrogacy''' <br /> <br /> Commercial surrogacy is prohibited by statute (s 17), and any surrogacy arrangement is unenforceable (s 18).<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Gamete and Embryo Donation'''<br /> <br /> Gamete and embryo donation are not permitted. Only the gametes and embryos of the intended parents (or the surrogate mother) may be used.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Embryo Research'''<br /> <br /> Embryo research requires a license. In order to obtain a license the research must be: <br /> *to promote advances in the treatment of infertility;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the causes or treatment of congenital disease;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the causes or treatment of miscarriages;<br /> *to develop more effective techniques of contraception;<br /> *to develop methods for detecting the presence of gene or chromosome abnormalities in embryos before implantation;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the development of embryos;<br /> *to increase knowledge about serious disease; or<br /> *to enable such knowledge to be applied in the development of treatments to combat serious disease<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Hong_Kong 2015-08-06T21:50:58Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: Created page with "{{Country |name=Hong Kong |image_flag=Flag_of_Hong_Kong.png |Region=Asia |Population=7234800 |GDP=310.074 |Eggs for assisted reproduction=PROHIBITED |Eggs for research=? |Inhe..."</p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Hong Kong<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Hong_Kong.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=7234800<br /> |GDP=310.074<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=PROHIBITED<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited; unrecognized<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=Assisted reproduction is governed by Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance (Cap. 561, Laws of Hong Kong: http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/795C7496522C8237482575EF001B5A45?OpenDocument&bt=0).<br /> The regulatory/ licensing body for ART in HK is the Council on Human Reproductive Technology: http://www.chrt.org.hk/eindex.html. <br /> <br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices='''Assisted Reproduction'''<br /> <br /> Under section 8 of the Ordinance, the Code of Practice on Reproductive Technology and Embryo Research (the Code) has been produced to provide guidelines for ART service providers and embryo research in Hong Kong. <br /> <br /> Under the guidelines, ART treatment should only be provided to legally married couples. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Access'''<br /> <br /> In assessing the suitability for ART treatment, the welfare of the child is of paramount importance. <br /> <br /> The following factors will be considered in assessing a couple’s suitability for ART treatment: <br /> *Their physical, mental, and social well-being<br /> *Their medical histories and the medical histories of their families<br /> *Their ages and likely future ability to look after or provide for a child's needs<br /> *Their commitment to having and bringing up a child or children<br /> *Their ability to provide a stable and supportive environment for any child born as a result of treatment<br /> *Their ability to meet the needs of any child or children who may be born as a result of treatment, including the implications of any possible multiple births or disability<br /> *Any risk of harm to the child or children who may be born, including the risk of inherited disorders, problems during pregnancy, and of neglect or abuse<br /> <br /> Note: “The Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance, passed in 1997, dictates that fertility treatment in Hong Kong can only be offered to heterosexual married couples. But, that legislation could possibly change as the Equal Opportunities Commission is in the midst of completing a public consultation on the review of discrimination law.” (http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health/article/1677954/hong-kong-ban-ivf-unwed-discriminatory-say-critics)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Surrogacy''' <br /> <br /> Commercial surrogacy is prohibited by statute (s 17), and any surrogacy arrangement is unenforceable (s 18).<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Gamete and Embryo Donation'''<br /> <br /> Gamete and embryo donation are not permitted. Only the gametes and embryos of the intended parents (or the surrogate mother) may be used.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Embryo Research'''<br /> <br /> Embryo research requires a license. In order to obtain a license the research must be: <br /> *to promote advances in the treatment of infertility;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the causes or treatment of congenital disease;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the causes or treatment of miscarriages;<br /> *to develop more effective techniques of contraception;<br /> *to develop methods for detecting the presence of gene or chromosome abnormalities in embryos before implantation;<br /> *to increase knowledge about the development of embryos;<br /> *to increase knowledge about serious disease; or<br /> *to enable such knowledge to be applied in the development of treatments to combat serious disease<br /> <br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.png 2015-08-06T21:31:30Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=South_Sudan 2015-08-06T21:27:54Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: Created page with "{{Country |name=South Sudan |image_flag=Flag_of_South_Sudan.png |Region=Africa |Population=8260490 |GDP=14.535 |Eggs for assisted reproduction=? |Eggs for research=? |Inherit..."</p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=South Sudan<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_South_Sudan.png <br /> |Region=Africa<br /> |Population=8260490<br /> |GDP=14.535<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=?<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_South_Sudan.png 2015-08-06T21:26:51Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Palestine 2015-08-06T21:23:49Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: Created page with "{{Country |name=Palestine |image_flag=Flag_of_Palestine.png |Region=Asia |Population=4550368 |GDP=11.95 |Eggs for assisted reproduction=? |Eggs for research=? |Inheritable gen..."</p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Palestine<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Palestine.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=4550368<br /> |GDP=11.95<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=?<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Palestine.png 2015-08-06T21:21:58Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Kosovo 2015-08-06T21:19:50Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Kosovo<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Kosovo.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=1859203<br /> |GDP=7,813<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=?<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Kosovo.png 2015-08-06T21:19:20Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Kiribati 2015-08-06T21:18:15Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Kiribati<br /> |image_flag=Flag_of_Kiribati1.png<br /> |Region=Oceania<br /> |Population=103,500<br /> |GDP=167<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=?<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Kiribati1.png 2015-08-06T21:17:27Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Kiribati.svg 2015-08-06T21:15:33Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Kiribati 2015-08-06T21:11:21Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Kiribati<br /> |image_flag=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati#/media/File:Flag_of_Kiribati.svg<br /> |Region=Oceania<br /> |Population=103,500<br /> |GDP=167<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=?<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Kiribati 2015-08-06T21:10:36Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Kiribati<br /> |image_flag=Kiribati_flag<br /> |Region=Oceania<br /> |Population=103,500<br /> |GDP=167<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=?<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Kiribati 2015-08-06T21:09:53Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: Created page with "{{Country |name=Kiribati |image_flag=Kiribati_flag |Region=Oceania |Population=103500 |GDP=167 |Eggs for assisted reproduction=? |Eggs for research=? |Inheritable genetic modi..."</p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Kiribati<br /> |image_flag=Kiribati_flag<br /> |Region=Oceania<br /> |Population=103500<br /> |GDP=167<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=?<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Czech_Republic 2015-08-06T20:50:56Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Czech Republic<br /> |image_flag=Czech-Republic-Flag.jpg‎<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=10381130<br /> |GDP=175,309<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Related Activities and on Amendment to Some Related Acts], 227/2006 Coll. Part: 75/2006 Coll. (June 1, 2006)<br /> ** For summary, see "[http://www.eurostemcell.org/regulations/regulation-stem-cell-research-czech-republic Regulation of Stem Cell Research in the Czech Republic]."<br /> * Council of Europe Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning (1997, 1998)<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=The Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells prohibits:<br /> * The creation of an embryo for purposes other than reproduction<br /> * Human-animal hybrids<br /> * Implanting a human embryo into an animal uterus<br /> * Reproductive cloning<br /> <br /> Ratification of the [[Council of Europe]] Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning commits the Czech Republic to prohibit:<br /> * Inheritable genetic modification<br /> * Reproductive cloning<br /> * Research cloning<br /> * Sex selection for social purposes<br /> * PGD for social purposes<br /> * Somatic genetic enhancement<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Kosovo 2015-08-06T19:22:15Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: Created page with "{{Country |name=Kosovo |image_flag=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/210px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png |Region=Asia |Population=1859203 |..."</p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Kosovo<br /> |image_flag=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/210px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=1859203<br /> |GDP=7,813<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=?<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Timor-Leste 2015-08-06T18:57:42Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: Created page with "{{Country |name=Timor-Leste |image_flag=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/500px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png |Region=Asia |Populat..."</p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Timor-Leste<br /> |image_flag=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/500px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png<br /> |Region=Asia<br /> |Population=1115000<br /> |GDP=459<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=?<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Czech_Republic 2015-08-06T18:36:48Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Czech Republic<br /> |image_flag=Czech-Republic-Flag.jpg‎<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=10381130<br /> |GDP=175,309<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* [http://www.msmt.cz/Files/PDF/JJHumanstemcells.pdf Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Related Activities and on Amendment to Some Related Acts], 227/2006 Coll. Part: 75/2006 Coll. (June 1, 2006)<br /> * Council of Europe Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning (1997, 1998)<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=The Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells prohibits<br /> * the creation of an embryo for purposes other than reproduction<br /> * human-animal hybrids<br /> * implanting a human embryo into an animal uterus<br /> * reproductive cloning<br /> <br /> Ratification of the [[Council of Europe]] Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning commits the Czech Republic to prohibit<br /> * Inheritable genetic modification<br /> * Reproductive cloning<br /> * Research cloning<br /> * Sex selection for social purposes<br /> * PGD for social purposes<br /> * Somatic genetic enhancement<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Czech_Republic 2015-08-06T18:35:36Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Czech Republic<br /> |image_flag=Czech-Republic-Flag.jpg‎<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=10381130<br /> |GDP=175,309<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* [http://www.msmt.cz/Files/PDF/JJHumanstemcells.pdf Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Related Activities and on Amendment to Some Related Acts], 227/2006 Coll. Part: 75/2006 Coll. (June 1, 2006)<br /> * Council of Europe Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning (1997, 1998)<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=The Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells prohibits<br /> * the creation of an embryo for purposes other than reproduction<br /> * human-animal hybrids<br /> * implanting a human embryo into an animal uterus<br /> * reproductive cloning<br /> <br /> Ratification of the [[Council of Europe]] Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning commits the Czech Republic to prohibit<br /> * Inheritable genetic modification<br /> * Reproductive cloning<br /> * Research cloning<br /> * Sex selection for social purposes<br /> * PGD for social purposes<br /> * Somatic genetic enhancement<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=TEST<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Czech_Republic 2015-08-06T18:34:12Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: Natalie Oveyssi moved page Czech to Czech Republic without leaving a redirect</p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Czech<br /> |image_flag=Czech-Republic-Flag.jpg‎<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=10381130<br /> |GDP=175,309<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* [http://www.msmt.cz/Files/PDF/JJHumanstemcells.pdf Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Related Activities and on Amendment to Some Related Acts], 227/2006 Coll. Part: 75/2006 Coll. (June 1, 2006)<br /> * Council of Europe Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning (1997, 1998)<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=The Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells prohibits<br /> * the creation of an embryo for purposes other than reproduction<br /> * human-animal hybrids<br /> * implanting a human embryo into an animal uterus<br /> * reproductive cloning<br /> <br /> Ratification of the [[Council of Europe]] Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning commits the Czech Republic to prohibit<br /> * Inheritable genetic modification<br /> * Reproductive cloning<br /> * Research cloning<br /> * Sex selection for social purposes<br /> * PGD for social purposes<br /> * Somatic genetic enhancement<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=TEST<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Czech_Republic 2015-08-06T18:33:52Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: Natalie Oveyssi moved page Czech Republic to Czech without leaving a redirect</p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Czech<br /> |image_flag=Czech-Republic-Flag.jpg‎<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=10381130<br /> |GDP=175,309<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* [http://www.msmt.cz/Files/PDF/JJHumanstemcells.pdf Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Related Activities and on Amendment to Some Related Acts], 227/2006 Coll. Part: 75/2006 Coll. (June 1, 2006)<br /> * Council of Europe Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning (1997, 1998)<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=The Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells prohibits<br /> * the creation of an embryo for purposes other than reproduction<br /> * human-animal hybrids<br /> * implanting a human embryo into an animal uterus<br /> * reproductive cloning<br /> <br /> Ratification of the [[Council of Europe]] Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning commits the Czech Republic to prohibit<br /> * Inheritable genetic modification<br /> * Reproductive cloning<br /> * Research cloning<br /> * Sex selection for social purposes<br /> * PGD for social purposes<br /> * Somatic genetic enhancement<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=TEST<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Czech_Republic 2015-08-06T18:33:02Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Czech<br /> |image_flag=Czech-Republic-Flag.jpg‎<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=10381130<br /> |GDP=175,309<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* [http://www.msmt.cz/Files/PDF/JJHumanstemcells.pdf Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Related Activities and on Amendment to Some Related Acts], 227/2006 Coll. Part: 75/2006 Coll. (June 1, 2006)<br /> * Council of Europe Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning (1997, 1998)<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=The Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells prohibits<br /> * the creation of an embryo for purposes other than reproduction<br /> * human-animal hybrids<br /> * implanting a human embryo into an animal uterus<br /> * reproductive cloning<br /> <br /> Ratification of the [[Council of Europe]] Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning commits the Czech Republic to prohibit<br /> * Inheritable genetic modification<br /> * Reproductive cloning<br /> * Research cloning<br /> * Sex selection for social purposes<br /> * PGD for social purposes<br /> * Somatic genetic enhancement<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=TEST<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Czech_Republic 2015-08-06T18:29:22Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Czech Republic<br /> |image_flag=Czech-Republic-Flag.jpg‎<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=10381130<br /> |GDP=175,309<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* [http://www.msmt.cz/Files/PDF/JJHumanstemcells.pdf Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Related Activities and on Amendment to Some Related Acts], 227/2006 Coll. Part: 75/2006 Coll. (June 1, 2006)<br /> * Council of Europe Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning (1997, 1998)<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=The Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells prohibits<br /> * the creation of an embryo for purposes other than reproduction<br /> * human-animal hybrids<br /> * implanting a human embryo into an animal uterus<br /> * reproductive cloning<br /> <br /> Ratification of the [[Council of Europe]] Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning commits the Czech Republic to prohibit<br /> * Inheritable genetic modification<br /> * Reproductive cloning<br /> * Research cloning<br /> * Sex selection for social purposes<br /> * PGD for social purposes<br /> * Somatic genetic enhancement<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=TEST<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Czech_Republic 2015-08-06T18:27:28Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Czech Republic<br /> |image_flag=Czech-Republic-Flag.jpg‎<br /> |Region=Europe<br /> |Population=10381130<br /> |GDP=175,309<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=commercial prohibited<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=PROHIBITED<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=social uses prohibited<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=commercial prohibited<br /> |European Union=Member<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=Member<br /> |Council of Europe=Member<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=no<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=RATIFIED<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=signed<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=* [http://www.msmt.cz/Files/PDF/JJHumanstemcells.pdf Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Related Activities and on Amendment to Some Related Acts], 227/2006 Coll. Part: 75/2006 Coll. (June 1, 2006)<br /> * Council of Europe Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning (1997, 1998)<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=The Act on Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells prohibits<br /> * the creation of an embryo for purposes other than reproduction<br /> * human-animal hybrids<br /> * implanting a human embryo into an animal uterus<br /> * reproductive cloning<br /> <br /> Ratification of the [[Council of Europe]] Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights and Additional Protocol on Cloning commits the Czech Republic to prohibit<br /> * Inheritable genetic modification<br /> * Reproductive cloning<br /> * Research cloning<br /> * Sex selection for social purposes<br /> * PGD for social purposes<br /> * Somatic genetic enhancement<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Chile 2015-08-03T21:06:43Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Chile<br /> |image_flag=Chile.jpg<br /> |Region=Latin America<br /> |Population=16598074<br /> |GDP=163,792<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=no policy<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=no policy<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=unrecognized<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=There is no national law regulating assisted reproduction in Chile.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=* Human cloning<br /> * Destroying human embryos to obtain stem cells<ref name="sobrela">Law no. 20.120, "[http://transparencia.redsalud.gob.cl/transparencia/public/seremi6/2014/03/Marco%20normativo/DTO%20114-11%20Clonacion%20Humana.pdf Sobre la Investigación Científica en el Ser Humano, su Genoma, y prohíbe la Clonación Humana] (On Scientific Research in the Human Being, its genome, and the prohibition of Human Cloning)," Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health), B. O., Sept. 22, 2006, (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=* Sperm and egg donation are practiced. (However, note there are no sperm banks in Chile, and donated sperm is sent from abroad.)<br /> <br /> * Article 182 of the Chilean civil code provides that “the father and the mother of a child conceived through the application of assisted human reproductive technology are the man and women who committed to it.”<ref name="codigo">Código Civil; Filiación; Ley no. 19.585 Ministerio de Salud [Ministry of Health], 1998 (Artículo 182. "[http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=126366 El padre y la madre del hijo concebido mediante la aplicación de técnicas de reproducción humana asistida son el hombre y la mujer que se sometieron a ellas,]") (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=* In 1985 the Chilean Ministry of Health published "Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer."<ref name="resolutionno1072">Resolution no. 1072, "[http://juridico1.minsal.cl/RESOLUCION_1072_85.doc Normas Aplicables a la Fertilización in Vitro y la Transferencia Embrionaria] (Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer)," Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health), 28 de junio de 1985 (Chile 1985), (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref> The rules do not have legal force and may serve as guidelines. The rules establish general steps for IVF and suggest that all created embryos should be transferred to the mother and cryopreservation (freezing) is not permitted. <br /> <br /> * Many clinics follow the ethical standards set by the Latin American Network of Assisted Reproduction in 1995. These standards provide that gamete donation must be uncompensated.<ref name="consenso">"[http://www.redlara.com/images/arq/consenso_%20Chile.PDF Cosenso Latino Amerciano en apectos etico-legales relativso a las tecnicas de reproduccion asistida]," Reñaca, CHILE 1995, (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> <br /> * Others follow criteria defined by the American Fertility Society and European Society of Fertility.<ref name="redhospital">For example, see Red Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, "[http://www.reproduccion.cl/index-21.html Compromiso Ético]," (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |History=<br /> |External links=See also Co-padres.net, [http://www.co-padres.net/leyes-donantes-de-semen-en-Chile.php Reproducción asistida,donación de semen y coparentalidad: la legislación en Chile], (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Chile 2015-08-03T21:05:51Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Chile<br /> |image_flag=Chile.jpg<br /> |Region=Latin America<br /> |Population=16598074<br /> |GDP=163,792<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=no policy<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=no policy<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=unrecognized<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=There is no national law regulating assisted reproduction in Chile.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=* Human cloning<br /> * Destroying human embryos to obtain stem cells<ref name="sobrela">Law no. 20.120, "[http://transparencia.redsalud.gob.cl/transparencia/public/seremi6/2014/03/Marco%20normativo/DTO%20114-11%20Clonacion%20Humana.pdf Sobre la Investigación Científica en el Ser Humano, su Genoma, y prohíbe la Clonación Humana] (On Scientific Research in the Human Being, its genome, and the prohibition of Human Cloning)," Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health), B. O., Sept. 22, 2006, (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=* Sperm and egg donation are practiced. (However, note there are no sperm banks in Chile, and donated sperm is sent from abroad.)<br /> <br /> * Article 182 of the Chilean civil code provides that “the father and the mother of a child conceived through the application of assisted human reproductive technology are the man and women who committed to it.”<ref name="codigo">Código Civil; Filiación; Ley no. 19.585 Ministerio de Salud [Ministry of Health], 1998 (Artículo 182. "[http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=126366 El padre y la madre del hijo concebido mediante la aplicación de técnicas de reproducción humana asistida son el hombre y la mujer que se sometieron a ellas,]") (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=* In 1985 the Chilean Ministry of Health published "Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer."<ref name="resolutionno1072">Resolution no. 1072, "[http://juridico1.minsal.cl/RESOLUCION_1072_85.doc Normas Aplicables a la Fertilización in Vitro y la Transferencia Embrionaria] (Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer)," Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health), 28 de junio de 1985 (Chile 1985), (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref> The rules do not have legal force and may serve as guidelines. The rules establish general steps for IVF and suggest that all created embryos should be transferred to the mother and cryopreservation (freezing) is not permitted. <br /> <br /> * Many clinics follow the ethical standards set by the Latin American Network of Assisted Reproduction in 1995. These standards provide that gamete donation must be uncompensated.<ref name="consenso">"[http://www.redlara.com/images/arq/consenso_%20Chile.PDF Cosenso Latino Amerciano en apectos etico-legales relativso a las tecnicas de reproduccion asistida]," Reñaca, CHILE 1995, (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> <br /> * Others follow criteria defined by the American Fertility Society and European Society of Fertility.<ref name="redhospital">For example, see Red Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, "[http://www.reproduccion.cl/index-21.html Compromiso Ético]," (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |History=<br /> |External links=See also Co-padres.net. Reproducción asistida,donación de semen y coparentalidad: la legislación en Chile, available at: http://www.co-padres.net/leyes-donantes-de-semen-en-Chile.php, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Chile 2015-08-03T21:01:46Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Chile<br /> |image_flag=Chile.jpg<br /> |Region=Latin America<br /> |Population=16598074<br /> |GDP=163,792<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=no policy<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=no policy<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=unrecognized<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=There is no national law regulating assisted reproduction in Chile.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=* Human cloning<br /> * Destroying human embryos to obtain stem cells<ref name="sobrela">Law no. 20.120, "[http://transparencia.redsalud.gob.cl/transparencia/public/seremi6/2014/03/Marco%20normativo/DTO%20114-11%20Clonacion%20Humana.pdf Sobre la Investigación Científica en el Ser Humano, su Genoma, y prohíbe la Clonación Humana] (On Scientific Research in the Human Being, its genome, and the prohibition of Human Cloning)," Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health), B. O., Sept. 22, 2006, (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=* Sperm and egg donation are practiced. (However, note there are no sperm banks in Chile, and donated sperm is sent from abroad.)<br /> <br /> * Article 182 of the Chilean civil code provides that “the father and the mother of a child conceived through the application of assisted human reproductive technology are the man and women who committed to it.”<ref name="codigo">Código Civil; Filiación; Ley no. 19.585 Ministerio de Salud [Ministry of Health], 1998 (Artículo 182. "[http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=126366 El padre y la madre del hijo concebido mediante la aplicación de técnicas de reproducción humana asistida son el hombre y la mujer que se sometieron a ellas,]") (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=* In 1985 the Chilean Ministry of Health published "Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer."<ref name="resolutionno1072">Resolution no. 1072, "[http://juridico1.minsal.cl/RESOLUCION_1072_85.doc Normas Aplicables a la Fertilización in Vitro y la Transferencia Embrionaria] (Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer)," Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health), 28 de junio de 1985 (Chile 1985), (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref> The rules do not have legal force and may serve as guidelines. The rules establish general steps for IVF and suggest that all created embryos should be transferred to the mother and cryopreservation (freezing) is not permitted. <br /> <br /> * Many clinics follow the ethical standards set by the Latin American Network of Assisted Reproduction in 1995. These standards provide that gamete donation must be uncompensated.<ref name="consenso">"[http://www.redlara.com/images/arq/consenso_%20Chile.PDF Cosenso Latino Amerciano en apectos etico-legales relativso a las tecnicas de reproduccion asistida]," Reñaca, CHILE 1995, (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> <br /> * Others follow criteria defined by the American Fertility Society and European Society of Fertility. [5]<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=[4] "Cosenso Latino Amerciano en apectos etico-legales relativso a las tecnicas de reproduccion asistida," Reñaca, CHILE 1995, available at http://www.redlara.com/images/arq/consenso_%20Chile.PDF, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> <br /> [5] For example, see Red Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile,Compromiso Etico, http://www.reproduccion.cl/index-21.html, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> <br /> See also Co-padres.net. Reproducción asistida,donación de semen y coparentalidad: la legislación en Chile, available at: http://www.co-padres.net/leyes-donantes-de-semen-en-Chile.php, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Chile 2015-08-03T20:59:12Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Chile<br /> |image_flag=Chile.jpg<br /> |Region=Latin America<br /> |Population=16598074<br /> |GDP=163,792<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=no policy<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=no policy<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=unrecognized<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=There is no national law regulating assisted reproduction in Chile.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=* Human cloning<br /> * Destroying human embryos to obtain stem cells<ref name="sobrela">Law no. 20.120, "[http://transparencia.redsalud.gob.cl/transparencia/public/seremi6/2014/03/Marco%20normativo/DTO%20114-11%20Clonacion%20Humana.pdf Sobre la Investigación Científica en el Ser Humano, su Genoma, y prohíbe la Clonación Humana] (On Scientific Research in the Human Being, its genome, and the prohibition of Human Cloning)," Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health), B. O., Sept. 22, 2006, (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=* Sperm and egg donation are practiced. (However, note there are no sperm banks in Chile, and donated sperm is sent from abroad.)<br /> <br /> * Article 182 of the Chilean civil code provides that “the father and the mother of a child conceived through the application of assisted human reproductive technology are the man and women who committed to it.”<ref name="codigo">Código Civil; Filiación; Ley no. 19.585 Ministerio de Salud [Ministry of Health], 1998 (Artículo 182. "[http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=126366 El padre y la madre del hijo concebido mediante la aplicación de técnicas de reproducción humana asistida son el hombre y la mujer que se sometieron a ellas,]") (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=* In 1985 the Chilean Ministry of Health published "Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer."<ref name="resolutionno1072">Resolution no. 1072, "[http://juridico1.minsal.cl/RESOLUCION_1072_85.doc Normas Aplicables a la Fertilización in Vitro y la Transferencia Embrionaria] (Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer)," Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health), 28 de junio de 1985 (Chile 1985), (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref> The rules do not have legal force and may serve as guidelines. The rules establish general steps for IVF and suggest that all created embryos should be transferred to the mother and cryopreservation (freezing) is not permitted. <br /> <br /> * Many clinics follow the ethical standards set by the Latin American Network of Assisted Reproduction in 1995. These standards provide that gamete donation must be uncompensated. [4]<br /> <br /> * Others follow criteria defined by the American Fertility Society and European Society of Fertility. [5]<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=[4] "Cosenso Latino Amerciano en apectos etico-legales relativso a las tecnicas de reproduccion asistida," Reñaca, CHILE 1995, available at http://www.redlara.com/images/arq/consenso_%20Chile.PDF, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> <br /> [5] For example, see Red Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile,Compromiso Etico, http://www.reproduccion.cl/index-21.html, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> <br /> See also Co-padres.net. Reproducción asistida,donación de semen y coparentalidad: la legislación en Chile, available at: http://www.co-padres.net/leyes-donantes-de-semen-en-Chile.php, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Chile 2015-08-03T20:53:47Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Chile<br /> |image_flag=Chile.jpg<br /> |Region=Latin America<br /> |Population=16598074<br /> |GDP=163,792<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=no policy<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=no policy<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=unrecognized<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=There is no national law regulating assisted reproduction in Chile.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=* Human cloning<br /> * Destroying human embryos to obtain stem cells<ref name="sobrela">Law no. 20.120, "[http://transparencia.redsalud.gob.cl/transparencia/public/seremi6/2014/03/Marco%20normativo/DTO%20114-11%20Clonacion%20Humana.pdf Sobre la Investigación Científica en el Ser Humano, su Genoma, y prohíbe la Clonación Humana,] (On Scientific Research in the Human Being, its genome, and the prohibition of Human Cloning)," Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health), B. O., Sept. 22, 2006, (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=* Sperm and egg donation are practiced. (However, note there are no sperm banks in Chile, and donated sperm is sent from abroad.)<br /> <br /> * Article 182 of the Chilean civil code provides that “the father and the mother of a child conceived through the application of assisted human reproductive technology are the man and women who committed to it.”<ref name="codigo">Código Civil; Filiación; Ley no. 19.585 Ministerio de Salud [Ministry of Health], 1998 (Artículo 182. "[http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=126366 El padre y la madre del hijo concebido mediante la aplicación de técnicas de reproducción humana asistida son el hombre y la mujer que se sometieron a ellas,]") (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=* In 1985 the Chilean Ministry of Health published "Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer." [3] The rules do not have legal force and may serve as guidelines. The rules establish general steps for IVF and suggest that all created embryos should be transferred to the mother and cryopreservation (freezing) is not permitted. <br /> <br /> * Many clinics follow the ethical standards set by the Latin American Network of Assisted Reproduction in 1995. These standards provide that gamete donation must be uncompensated. [4]<br /> <br /> * Others follow criteria defined by the American Fertility Society and European Society of Fertility. [5]<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> [3] Resolution no. 1072, Normas Aplicables a la Fertilización in Vitro y la Transferencia Embrionaria [Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer], Ministerio de Salud [Ministry of Health], 28 de junio de 1985 (Chile 1985), available at juridico1.minsal.cl/RESOLUCION_1072_85.doc, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> <br /> [4] "Cosenso Latino Amerciano en apectos etico-legales relativso a las tecnicas de reproduccion asistida," Reñaca, CHILE 1995, available at http://www.redlara.com/images/arq/consenso_%20Chile.PDF, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> <br /> [5] For example, see Red Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile,Compromiso Etico, http://www.reproduccion.cl/index-21.html, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> <br /> See also Co-padres.net. Reproducción asistida,donación de semen y coparentalidad: la legislación en Chile, available at: http://www.co-padres.net/leyes-donantes-de-semen-en-Chile.php, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=Chile 2015-08-03T20:49:22Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=Chile<br /> |image_flag=Chile.jpg<br /> |Region=Latin America<br /> |Population=16598074<br /> |GDP=163,792<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=no policy<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=no policy<br /> |Reproductive cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Research cloning=PROHIBITED<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=unrecognized<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=There is no national law regulating assisted reproduction in Chile.<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=* Human cloning<br /> * Destroying human embryos to obtain stem cells<ref name="sobrela">Law no. 20.120, "[http://transparencia.redsalud.gob.cl/transparencia/public/seremi6/2014/03/Marco%20normativo/DTO%20114-11%20Clonacion%20Humana.pdf Sobre la Investigación Científica en el Ser Humano, su Genoma, y prohíbe la Clonación Humana,] (On Scientific Research in the Human Being, its genome, and the prohibition of Human Cloning)," Ministerio de Salud (Ministry of Health), B. O., Sept. 22, 2006, (accessed 05 November 2014).</ref><br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=* Sperm and egg donation are practiced. (However, note there are no sperm banks in Chile, and donated sperm is sent from abroad.)<br /> <br /> * Article 182 of the Chilean civil code provides that “the father and the mother of a child conceived through the application of assisted human reproductive technology are the man and women who committed to it.” [2]<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=* In 1985 the Chilean Ministry of Health published "Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer." [3] The rules do not have legal force and may serve as guidelines. The rules establish general steps for IVF and suggest that all created embryos should be transferred to the mother and cryopreservation (freezing) is not permitted. <br /> <br /> * Many clinics follow the ethical standards set by the Latin American Network of Assisted Reproduction in 1995. These standards provide that gamete donation must be uncompensated. [4]<br /> <br /> * Others follow criteria defined by the American Fertility Society and European Society of Fertility. [5]<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=Law no. 20.120, "[http://transparencia.redsalud.gob.cl/transparencia/public/seremi6/2014/03/Marco%20normativo/DTO%20114-11%20Clonacion%20Humana.pdf Sobre la Investigación Científica en el Ser Humano, su Genoma, y prohíbe la Clonación Humana,]" [On Scientific Research in the Human Being, its genome, and the prohibition of Human Cloning], Ministerio de Salud [Ministry of Health], B. O., Sept. 22, 2006, (accessed 05 November 2014). <br /> <br /> [2] Código Civil; Filiación; Ley no. 19.585 Ministerio de Salud [Ministry of Health], 1998 (Artículo 182. "El padre y la madre del hijo concebido mediante la aplicación de técnicas de reproducción humana asistida son el hombre y la mujer que se sometieron a ellas,"), available at http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=126366, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> <br /> [3] Resolution no. 1072, Normas Aplicables a la Fertilización in Vitro y la Transferencia Embrionaria [Rules Applicable to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer], Ministerio de Salud [Ministry of Health], 28 de junio de 1985 (Chile 1985), available at juridico1.minsal.cl/RESOLUCION_1072_85.doc, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> <br /> [4] "Cosenso Latino Amerciano en apectos etico-legales relativso a las tecnicas de reproduccion asistida," Reñaca, CHILE 1995, available at http://www.redlara.com/images/arq/consenso_%20Chile.PDF, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> <br /> [5] For example, see Red Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile,Compromiso Etico, http://www.reproduccion.cl/index-21.html, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> <br /> See also Co-padres.net. Reproducción asistida,donación de semen y coparentalidad: la legislación en Chile, available at: http://www.co-padres.net/leyes-donantes-de-semen-en-Chile.php, (accessed 05 November 2014).<br /> }}<br /> == References ==<br /> <references/></div>

Natalie Oveyssi https://www.biopolicywiki.org/index.php?title=S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe 2015-08-03T20:35:54Z

<p>Natalie Oveyssi: Natalie Oveyssi moved page Sao Tome and Principe to São Tomé and Príncipe without leaving a redirect</p> <hr /> <div>{{Country<br /> |name=São Tomé and Príncipe <br /> |image_flag=Sao_tome_and_principe.gif<br /> |Region=Africa<br /> |Population=157,000<br /> |GDP=144<br /> |Eggs for assisted reproduction=?<br /> |Eggs for research=?<br /> |Inheritable genetic modification=?<br /> |Preimplantation genetic diagnosis=?<br /> |Reproductive cloning=?<br /> |Research cloning=?<br /> |Sex selection=?<br /> |Surrogacy=?<br /> |European Union=<br /> |Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development=<br /> |Council of Europe=<br /> |1997 COE Biomedicine Convention=n/a<br /> |1998 COE Cloning Convention=n/a<br /> |2005 UN Cloning Vote=YES<br /> |2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention=<br /> |Treaty of Lisbon=n/a<br /> |Introduction=<br /> |Key laws and policies=<br /> |Foundational values=<br /> |Prohibited practices=<br /> |Permitted and regulated practices=<br /> |Regulatory activities=<br /> |Accountability and governance=<br /> |History=<br /> |External links=<br /> }}</div>

Natalie Oveyssi